The blood in our body mainly consists of red and white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called blood plasma. Blood tests measure the number or percentage of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets per liter of blood thus giving us a clear picture of the health status of an individual. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, make up the immune system, enabling the body to fight off infections and various diseases. A low white blood cell count indicates that the body's ability to ward off diseases is below the required standard. Red blood cells or erythrocytes are the cells that are responsible for transporting oxygen and various nutrients to various parts of the body so as to ensure the proper functioning of the body. A decrease in these cells causes weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath and palpitations. Platelets or thrombocytes play a vital role in clotting of blood and a low platelet count could result in excessive bleeding. Hence, we see that all these blood components are important.
When a person is diagnosed with low white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts, the condition is called pancytopenia. An overactive spleen is one of the main causes of pancytopenia. This condition is also linked with disorders affecting the bone marrow like leukemia, Fanconi anemia, aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis and malignant osteoporosis. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also plays a crucial role in eliminating white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Pancytopenia can also be caused by an immunodeficiency syndrome called familial hemophagocytic syndrome where in the T-cells in the body start attacking healthy WBCs, RBCs and platelets thus weakening the body instead of strengthening it. In rare cases, certain medications like antibiotics and medication for the prevention of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders can adversely affect the WBC, RBC and platelet count in the blood. A bone marrow biopsy is generally performed to ascertain the cause of the disorder. Since pancytopenia is not a condition that can be taken lightly, consulting an experienced medical practitioner at the earliest is recommended.
When a person has a low white and red blood cell and platelet count, it is advisable to follow a healthy lifestyle with a diet and routine recommended by your doctor. Alcohol intake and smoking should be refrained from completely. Contact sports and excessive strain should also be avoided as they could cause injury which may result in an excessive loss of blood.
answered by G R