Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome characterized by irritability, severe depression and tension before menstruation. Its symptoms are comparatively more serious than those of premenstrual syndrome and show greater impact on daily activities. About 8% of menstruating women face PMDD.
The symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) can be found in the last week of menstrual cycle. Usually, they improve within few days when menstruation starts. Some of the physical and behavioral symptoms of PMDD are flu-like symptoms such as headaches, muscle and joint pains, breast tenderness, changes in sleep patterns, changes in appetite including lack of appetite, overeating and specific food cravings, fatigue, persistent depression or sadness, mood swings marked by periods of fatigue, persistent irritability, marked anxiety, decreased interest in daily activities etc.
The exact cause of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is not identified. However, some biological, social, psychological and cultural factors are supposed to be involved. Major depression is very commonly seen in PMDD. It can occur in the women with no history of major depression. Some of the possible causes of PMDD are changes in hormone, family history of PMDD and stressful life events.
The diagnosis of PMDD is based upon the pattern of symptoms. The doctor recommends keeping a record of severity, type, timing and duration of the symptoms. This information helps the doctor for correct diagnosis of PMDD and to determine an appropriate treatment.
Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is meant for minimizing or preventing the symptoms. It includes some medications, nutritional supplements, herbal remedies and diet and lifestyle changes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can ease breast discomfort and cramping. Antidepressants help to reduce the symptoms like food cravings, fatigue and sleep problems. Use of oral contraceptives stops ovulation and helps to stabilize the hormone fluctuations and thus decreases mood swings. Herbal remedies including chaste tree berry can reduce mood swings, irritability and headaches related to PMDD. Adequate intake of carbohydrates and regular exercises effectively reduce the symptoms of PMDD.