An inflammation of the bladder due to infection by virus or bacteria is referred to as cystitis. The symptoms of cystitis include a frequent and intense urge to urinate and pain and discomfort during urination. Pain in the lower abdomen, sides and pelvis is also common. The urine may also take on a cloudy appearance with a strong odor, and in some cases there may be blood in the urine. Women are more prone to bladder infections and this could be due to the fact that the urethra in women is much shorter. This makes it easier for the bacteria that are present around the anal area to enter the urethra and reach the bladder. Improper hygiene can cause this condition to develop. Sexual intercourse can also cause the bacteria to get pushed further up the urethra.
Improper emptying of the bladder can cause the urine to remain in the bladder for a longer period of time, thereby increasing the risk of infection. Obstructions of the bladder or urethra disallow the flushing out of bacteria from the bladder, thus increasing vulnerability to infection. Cystitis is not as common in men, but when it occurs, the infection usually begins in the urethra and then moves up in the prostate and then finally into the bladder. Infection of the prostate is most likely to result in bladder infections in men.
To restrict the spread of infection and prevent further infections from occurring it is important to keep the genital area clean. For women, this would also involve wiping from front to back, so as not to allow bacteria to spread to the urethra. Cotton undergarments allow proper circulation of air and hence discourage the growth of bacteria. One must also urinate promptly on feeling the urge to do so, so that the urine does not remain for too long in the bladder. Drinking plenty of water and fluids is very important in treating bladder infections as this helps to flush out the bacteria and infection from the body. Urinary tract and bladder infections may also be treated by drinking a mixture of baking soda and water, as this increases the acidity of the urine, thereby making it difficult for bacteria to thrive. Consumption of cranberry juice is perhaps the most popular remedy for bladder infections. It is believed to work by preventing the bacteria from adhering to the walls of the bladder and urinary tract.
answered by G M