Your skin color is determined by the amount of melanin present in your skin. Melanin is an important pigment in the skin that is responsible for contributing color to the skin, to the hair and to the iris of the eyes, in an individual. The melanin in the skin is dependent upon the race of the person and also on the amount of sunlight the individual has been exposed to. The production of melanin is also related to environmental factors and if the skin has been exposed to the sun for long durations it could result in an uneven skin tone and hyper pigmentation.
Loss of skin pigmentation also known as hypo-pigmentation, takes place when the skin cells are unable to produce the requisite amount of melanin. In common cases, it is observed that immediately after a skin trauma such as an ulcer, skin blister, sunburned or skin infection the skin may lose some of its pigmentation in that particular area
However an uneven skin tone or darkened skin can also be caused due to the presence of hormonal imbalances in addition to sun exposure. Before treating surface symptoms or looking for ways to lighten the skin tone, it is always advisable to seek medical help in order to diagnose the condition that is causing the hyper pigmentation. Pigmentation takes place when there is an abnormality in the skin that causes the skin cells to either produce too much or too little melanin. The reasons behind skin pigmentation can range from auto immune disorders to allergic reactions to consequences of certain medications, and in some cases even genetic inheritance. But the largest factor of skin pigmentation problems is usually sun damage. Sun damage is caused when the skin is over exposed to the UV rays of the sun. Therefore, it is very important to keep your skin protected by applying a sun screen lotion while in the sun.
In some cases women who are undergoing hormonal therapy or replacement, or experiencing childbirth or have been taking birth control pills for a long period of time also experience skin pigmentation changes. Remember to factor in all these points before you determine a course of therapy to treat the uneven skin tone. Although diet also plays a major role in determining the health of your skin, once the damage has been done it is usually difficult to reverse the skin condition based only on a healthy diet. Hence it is advisable to seek a dermatologist's opinion to understand the nature of your skin condition and seek the right therapy for it.
answered by G M